Map of Southern Uplands of Scotland

Cross-sections through trench off Mexico and Southern Uplands of Scotland

Map of Appalachian-Caledonide orogen prior to Atlantic Opening

Effect of a rise in fluid pressure on fracture behaviour

Critical taper for a thrust wedge

Surface slope isα
Décollement slope isβ
The internal strength (yield stress) of wedge is k
Internal fluid pressure ratio is λi
Décollement fluid pressure ratio λb
Décollement friction μb